![]() ![]() Here is a list of FPGA-based project ideas for experimenting with Verilog HDL and VHDL for final year engineering students. Some More Common FPGA Applications are: Aerospace and Defense, Medical Electronics, ASIC Prototyping, Audio, Automotive, Broadcast, Consumer Electronics, Distributed Monetary Systems, Data Center, High Performance Computing, Industrial, Medical, Scientific Instruments, Security systems, Video & Image Processing, Wired Communications, Wireless Communications. For configuring the FPGA, Modelsim and Xilinx ISE softwares are used to generate a bitstream file and for development. Present FPGA consists of about hundreds or thousands of configurable logic blocks. Xilinx Virtex-5 is the most popular FPGA, that contains a Look up Table (LUT) which is connected with MUX, and a flip flop as discussed above. Now, we have adaptive LUTs that provides two outputs per single LUT with the implementation of two function generators. The number of inputs to the LUT vary from 3,4,6, and even 8 after experiments. The basic building block of the FPGA is the Look Up Table based function generator. LUT implements the combinational logical functions the MUX is used for selection logic, and D flip flop stores the output of the LUT Logic Block contains MUX (Multiplexer), D flip flop and LUT. I/O Pads used for the outside world to communicate with different applications.Depending on the logic, switch matrix provides switching between interconnects.Interconnects provide direction between the logic blocks to implement the user logic.CLB (Configurable Logic Block) includes digital logic, inputs, outputs.The functions of an FPGA architecture module are discussed below: The basic FPGA architecture has two dimensional arrays of logic blocks with a means for a user to arrange the interconnection between the logic blocks. They are I/O blocks or Pads, Switch Matrix/ Interconnection Wires and Configurable logic blocks (CLB). The general FPGA architecture consists of three types of modules. Therefore, these are used in VLSI based projects for electronic engineering students. FPGAs are some of the new trending areas of VLSI. This article describes about theFPGA basics and FPGA architecture module that includes I/O pad, logic blocks and switch matrix. But, FPGAs are fabricated in less than a second,the cost will be from a few dollars to a thousand dollars.The flexible nature of the FPGA comes at a significant costin area, power consumption and delay.When compared to a standard cell ASIC, an FPGA requires 20 to 35 times more area, and the speed’s performance will be 3 to 4 times slower than the ASIC. Normally, ASICs takes months to manufacture and the cost of them will be thousands of dollars to obtain the device. FPGAs can provide a number of advantages over a fixed function ASIC technology such as standard cells. ![]()
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